Study Questions on Introduction to the New Testament Essay Example

Study Questions on Introduction to the New Testament Essay The Jewish man who was born in the province of Galilee, who was the son of Joseph and Mary, who had several brothers and sisters, and who was some rot of carpenter of builder. The New Testament focuses mainly on the last years Of Jesus life, and presents him as a Jewish peasant who assumes the roles of rabbi and prophet on behalf of other Jewish peasants in Galilee during the rule of Hero Antipasti; the most prominent phase of his ministry (Powell, 2009). What the earthly Jesus means to me is the idea or the encompassing of everything that it means to be human or earthly. In other words, it is to recognize that Jesus was an actually person who, like you and I, did many regular earthly things. The exalted Jesus, on the other hand, is the dead that Jesus is active in human lives even though he is not physically alive. Mark Powell explains that when a believer has found Christ it means that who is part of the corporate entity that now makes up Christi body on earth (Powell, 2009), and is in reference to the exalted Jesus. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Questions on Introduction to the New Testament specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study Questions on Introduction to the New Testament specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study Questions on Introduction to the New Testament specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The exalted Jesus can be identified as the bridegroom of the church or as a great high priest who serves God in a heavenly sanctuary, who communicates with people through visions and prophecies, who answers prayers and also offers prayers for his followers (Powell, 2009). The exalted Jesus is also expected to return to earth t the end of time to preside at the final judgment. The way these two are tied together is how they are viewed in the writings and Jesus as living entity, in the past and how he is living in the daily lives of Christians in the present. Historians are interested in studying all forms of Jesus, but they need to sufficient evidence to back up their findings, hence the study of historical Jesus. They use the New Testament as a primary sources to be analyses in order to extract information pertinent to a credible reconstruction of who Jesus was and what happened in the world because of him (Powell, 2009). Historians seek the historical Jesus, that is, the person who emerges from an analysis of sources in accord with generally accepted principles of historical science (Powell, 2009). Historical science is skeptical by nature, thus, from a historians point of view, the New Testament can be classified as religious propaganda. However, they strive to keep the distance between historical facts and religious assertions. 2. How is a Gospel different from a biography? What is the purpose of an ancient biography, and how do these differ from contemporary biographies? A modern biography is a detailed description of a arsons life and entails more basic information like education, work, relationships and death. A modern biography also portrays the persons life story and includes the highlights and intimate details of his or her experiences. However, during the time that the Gospels were written they can closely be classified as ancient biographies. The word gospel was first used to describe not a type of book but the content of Christian preaching and are only a short step removed from preaching (Powell, 2009). Gospels may be identified as biographies but unlike modern biographies there iterative makes no offering of objective or balanced perspectives on Jesus life, in other words, they offer little to no insight into Jesus personality, motivations, his childhood or his physical appearance. Also the gospels included genealogies, miracle stories, speeches, and pronouncement stories. The purpose of ancient biographies was to relate accounts that portrayed the essential character of the person who was the subject of the work, (Powell, 2009) in this case, Jesus. Nonetheless, the biographies were to define that persons character in a manner that would invite emulation. Lastly, events thin the Gospels Were not always reported in chronological order, instead, they were recounted In a sequence likely to have a particular rhetorical effect on the reader. As stated above, modern biographies are based on the facts of that persons lifer and (normally) set into chronological order so the reader can understand the events as they occur and what led to that particular event. In modern non-fiction biographies you must be able to back up the events with facts. However, ancient biographies were written in a supernatural sense. They were intended to report the extraordinary lives of people with the intention of inspiring the reader to change their lives. The authors of the Gospels tell the story of Jesus in a way that may motivate people to accept his teaching or practice his way of life (Powell, 2009). 3. What are two specific things you learned about Jesus that you did not know before? I must admit I know little about Jesus, excluding the general things most non- Christians know, for instance, he turned water into wine, he walked on water, and he died for humanities sins. Nevertheless the stories have learned about Jesus are extremely fascinating and very enjoyable to read about. The two specific things learned about Jesus were more specific examples of his miracles, such as how he heals ten lepers (Luke 1 7: 11-19) and how he cures a boy who is possessed (Matthew 17: 14-8). On his way to Jerusalem Jesus entered a village where he was approached, at a distance, by ten lepers. The lepers cried out for his help, Jesus tell the lepers to go show yourselves to the priest, and as they went they were made clean. However, what I found most interesting about this story is that only one of the lepers comes back to thank him and he happened to be a foreigner. Jesus did ask why the others id not come back and praise God, but he sends the foreigner on his way and tells him get up and go on your way; your faith has made you well. Find this story very fascinating because it reminds me of doctors today. A doctor can give a man who is suffering from severe kidney damage due to heavy drinking and statistically the man will continue drinking once he is well. In this story all ten lepers had faith but once they were healed they continued doing whatever else they were doing instead of embracing God and the miracle that was just preformed upon them. The second miracle is wh en Jesus is in a crowd of people and a man comes to ask for help curing his son of epilepsy. The father had previously tried to get a cure for him through Jesus disciples but had no luck. However, Jesus was able to cure him instantly. When the disciples asked Jesus why they were unable to cure the boy he replies because of your little faith. This story especially fascinates me because when I read the title I was expecting a boy to be possessed by a demon, such as a demon from hell, however, it was referring to epilepsy, which we now know is a brain disorder in which nerve activity in the brain is disrupted, causing seizures. Currently there is no medical treatment for epilepsy, nevertheless, the story shows how anything that is not construed as normal back in these times may have been considered demon possessions. 4. How does Luke analyses and present social class, poverty, and riches in his Gospel? How is Lakes view of poverty and riches similar or different from your own contemporary view of class and money? How might Luke look at our society today compared with his idealized view of class and financial status? Specifically, who are the poor, marginalia, or disadvantaged in Lakes Gospel? During this time over 90% of the population was considered or. Unable to feed themselves and their families, poor. So it is to be expected that the poor was an overwhelming percentage of Jesus followers. This had to have a direct impact on him. They would travel from town to town seeing poverty, injustice and sickness to his people, while the rich ruled the communities and ate banquets of food. Lakes gospel specifically shows concern for the poor and oppressed. While Lakes concern is for the poor, he is not necessarily speaking about those who are economically deprived. Luke also explains that the normalization of poor people can mean people f all economic situations who might be lacking honor, symbolically poor, or just generally disadvantaged. To Luke, the poor and oppressed are one in the same, for in this Gospel poverty is viewed as a consequence of injustice: the poor have too little because others have too much (Powell, 2009). Which shows in Lakes concern for the poor and resentment towards the rich. My view on current poverty is similar in many ways to Lakes view and it also differs in many ways. For instance, I am a true believer of not having things handed to you and working hard to acquire the things you want in life. This fifers from Luaus perspectives because in his eyes most are poor because of someone else, not because of their selves. However, the social structure is so extremely different it is hard to compare the two. There is unlimited amount of resources in America to help you better your economic situation, such as school grants, government funded day-care vouchers so parents can work and pay for day care, help with finding jobs, assistance paying your bills, and the list can go on. In these ancient times, you were most definitely subjected to the family and town you were born in and the idea of bettering your tuition was far and few between. I believe Luke would most definitely approve of our current social standings. There will inevitable be rich and poor people, but because of national closeness with each other we have been able to close the gaps between the classes and provide opportunity to those looking to better their situation, which would undoubtedly please Luke. 5. Powell opens the chapter on John with a few quotes from important readers of this Gospel living in the second to the sixteenth centuries. Many of them refer to John as a spiritual Gospel. What does this mean? What evidence for spiritual understanding of Jesus and community do you see in the Gospel itself? Are there also passages that portray a material portrait of Jesus or material concerns of the author and first-century community (e. G. , dealing with concrete, physical, and bodily realities)? How might these two aspects of the Gospel fit together in early Christian understanding of Jesus? When many scholars refer to John as a spiritual Gospel it is referring to the abundant amount of symbolism he includes in his Gospel. The previous Gospels focus on the facts of Jesus life, however John does discuss these things but his Gospel has a distinctive style that shows it to be the result of overwhelming theological contemplation. In this Gospel the symbols of spiritual realities are clearly present. For instance, ordinary items become symbols of spiritual truths, a loaf of bread bread of life becomes the symbol of the spiritual food given by God, and water becomes the spirit given to Jesus. Such as in John 6: 35, Jesus says to them, l am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never be hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty. John does discus Jesus earthly manor, for instance, Johns Gospel is congruent with hat of all the essential points in other Gospels, such as, Jesus in the Messiah and son of God his life and teachings reveal Gods character and will for humanity (Powell, 2009).

Carolus Linnaeus - An Evolution Biography

Carolus Linnaeus - An Evolution Biography Early Life and Education Born May 23, 1707 - Died January 10, 1778 Carl Nilsson Linnaeus (Latin pen name: Carolus Linnaeus) was born on May 23, 1707 in Smaland, Sweden. He was the first born to Christina Brodersonia and Nils Ingemarsson Linnaeus. His father was a Lutheran minister and his mother was the daughter of the rector of Stenbrohult. In his spare time, Nils Linnaeus spent time gardening and teaching Carl about plants. Early Life and Education Carls father taught him Latin and geography at a very young age in an effort to groom him to take over the priesthood when Nils retired. Carl spent two years being tutored but disliked the man chosen to teach him and then went on to the Lower Grammar School in Vaxjo. He finished there at the age of 15 and continued on to the Vaxjo Gymnasium. Instead of studying, Carl spent his time looking at plants and Nils was disappointed to learn he would not make it as a scholarly priest. Instead, he went off to study medicine at Lund University where he enrolled with his Latin name, Carolus Linnaeus. In 1728, Carl transferred to Uppsala University where he could study botany along with medicine. Linnaeus wrote his thesis on plant sexuality, which earned him a spot as a lecturer at the college. He spent most of his young life traveling and discovering new species of plants and useful minerals. His first expedition in 1732 was funded from a grant provided by Uppsala University that allowed him to research plants in Lapland. His six-month trip resulted in over 100 new species of plants. His traveling continued in 1734 when Carl took a trip to Dalarna and then again in 1735 he went to the Netherlands to pursue a doctorate degree. He earned the doctorate in only two weeks time and returned to Uppsala. Professional Achievements in Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus is best known for his innovative classification system called taxonomy. He published Systema Naturae in 1735, in which he outlined his way of classifying plants. The classification system was primarily based on his expertise of plant sexuality, but it was met with mixed reviews from traditional botanists of the time. Linnaeus desire to have a universal naming system for living things led him to the use of binomial nomenclature to organize the botanical collection at Uppsala University. He renamed many plants and animals in the two-word Latin system to make scientific names shorter and more accurate. His Systema Naturae went through many revisions over time and came to include all living things. In the beginning of Linnaeus career, he thought species were permanent and unchangeable, as was taught to him by his religious father. However, the more he studied and classified plants, he began to see the changes of species through hybridization. Eventually, he admitted that speciation did occur and a sort of directed evolution was possible. However, he believed whatever changes that were made were part of a divine plan and not by chance. Personal Life In 1738, Carl became engaged to Sara Elisabeth Moraea. He did not have enough money to marry her right away, so he moved to Stockholm to become a physician. A year later when finances were in order, they married and soon Carl became a professor of medicine at Uppsala University. He would later switch to teach botany and natural history instead. Carl and Sara Elisabeth ended up having a total of two sons and 5 daughters, one of whom died in infancy. Linnaeus love of botany led him to buy several farms in the area over time where he would go to escape the city life every chance he got. His later years were filled with illness, and after two strokes, Carl Linnaeus died on January 10, 1778.

Hispanic Americans Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hispanic Americans Diversity - Essay Example "Passing" was the name of the game. In the words of Berkeley cultural psychologist George De Vos, we have all noticed now the "passing of passing" (De Vos 1992). Latinos today are players in social spaces where racial and ethnic category have high-stakes political and economic implications. The largest wave of immigration in U. S. history-the wave responsible for the current Latino-ization of the country took place subsequent to the great struggles of the civil rights movement. Cuban Latinos, especially mainland Puerto Ricans and immigrant Brazilians, have been depicted as paradigmatic examples of groups engaged in deep transnationalism, an analytic concept that is often used to refer to economic, political, and cultural strategies articulated by diasporic peoples across national spaces (Basch, Schiller, and Blanc 1995; Smith and Guarnizo 1998). Significant numbers of Puerto Ricans and Brazilians are said to lead dual lives engaging in double consciousness, cultivating dual loyalties, living serially between their islands and the mainland. Studies, suggest that Brazilians immigrants have developed political, economic, and cultural adaptations that involve high levels of transnationalism. They remit large sums of money to their homeland, they remain substantially engaged in political processes there, and they return periodically with their children to nourish social and cultural ties in their island home. Research on mainland Puerto Ricans suggests a slight ly different version of this general transnational dynamic. Although they are less likely than Brazilians to send dollars to the island, mainland Puerto Ricans remain socially, culturally, and at times politically involved in island affairs (Torre, Vecchini, and Burgo 1994). Whereas, Mexican immigration to the United States has over the last two decades undergone a profound transformation. Historically, U. S. immigration policies, market forces, and the social practices of Mexican immigrants did not encourage their long-term integration into American society (Surez-Orozco, C., and M. Surez-Orozco 2001). A sojourner pattern of largely male-initiated circular migration, characterized by efforts to earn dollars during a specific season, dominated the Mexican experience for decades into the 1980s (Durand 1998). After concluding their seasonal work, large numbers of Mexicans returned south of the border, eventually to resume the cycle the following year. In that context, Mexican immigrants engaged in dual lives, displaying the kinds of proto-transnational behaviors now more fully developed among Cuban Latinos. Like Puerto Ricans and Brazilians today, the Mexican immigrants of yesterday lived both "here" and "there." Today, Latinos are the largest ethnic group in the Catholic Church. In 1990 they constituted 35 percent of all U. S. Catholics, up from 28 percent in 1980. In Florida, Texas, and New Mexico, Latinos make up over two thirds of the Catholic population. In 1990 there were twelve archdioceses that had over 50 percent Latino membership and twenty-seven in which 25-50 percent of parishioners was Latino. Whereas the numbers of Euro American Catholics fall annually, the number of

Reviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reviews - Essay Example lery showed the detailed design of the building, which helped display the artwork strategically, with lighting illuminating the artwork from their walls. The gallery also provided dim lights for bright artwork, therefore enhancing its appearance (Artrepublic.com, n.d., n.p.). Some of the most interesting pieces of art from the exhibition were works by Maria Rivans and Bonnie and Clyde. These two artistes have specialized in color, composition and collage. The artists revolve their artwork around television, pop culture and film, forming an interesting line of thought that intrigues the observer. These two artists are among the most promising artists in England (Artrepublic.com, n.d., n.p.). Maria Rivan exhibited artwork that captured a woman with many flowers appearing like a flower garden on her hair, which attracted considerable attention from the audience. Maria cut out a picture from an old magazine and stuck attractive flowers around the woman’s head, indicating beauty. However, she did not use flowers only. The image had some green leaves around the flowers. Her choice of flowers and leaves coupled with the facial expression on the face of the woman brought out the concept of beauty and focus, as she had desired. Maria added more color to the artwork by including a birdcage and a blue bird flying around the woman’s head. Bonnie and Clyde designed a hotel room from images cut out from different sources in their most attractive piece. The piece shows a cut out hotel, with stickers of valet parking and another with the words ‘salute’. However, instead of vehicles, Bonnie and Clyde uses birds at the parking lot. Apart from evoking humor, this collage artwork is ironical, since it depicts the fact that nature is important even in commerce. The pieces of artwork highlight the use of artwork in design to pass messages to observers. For example, the artwork by Bonnie and Clyde described above can be placed in a setting where people encourage environmental

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Assignment - Essay Example They used multinational corporations, and their technology to identify whoever they thought did not belong (Black, 2001). They wanted to impose their rule on everyone that was present at the time, who did not believe in what they believed. This meant that Jews had to run and live in fear of the prosecution they faced in their land. The Nazi generals wanted to ensure that their reign was felt, and this resulted in the death of more than 2000 thousand Jews. One such empire was the Akkadian Empire. A symbiotic relationship existed between the Akkadian groups at the time, and the Semitic and the Sumerian groups. In the 22nd and 24th centuries, the Empire reached its political pinnacle after some of their conquests. The administrative powers of the kingdom came in the form of Sargon. He was the leader and had the power to declare war and any conquest went in his honour. To ensure that the administrative duties went according to plan, he ensured that the people working under him were close . This meant that relatives and family, for example his sons and daughters were appointed the chiefs in many of the kingdoms administrative posts. This is similar to what was present in the Nazi regime. Fathers and their sons were generals in the army against the Jews (Black, 2001). They ensured that everything done under Sargon was documented and relayed to the leader in their meetings. In Babylonian texts, towards the end of Sargon’s reign, there is an indicator that vast armies tried to besiege the kingdom that he had conquered. However, even in his old age, he still took to battle and won the war. The use of scrolls made out of papyrus was the initial documentation process of the happenings in the reign of the empires present. It is during this time that hieroglyphics was used to implement decrees and laws across the land. This is because, the Mediterranean people were famous for their knowledge of the land, and they were keen to assist in the growth of the Akkadian Empir e. In the Nazi regime, all generals reported to the one commander who had authority over all others. During that time, Hitler was considered the head (Black, 2001). He knew of everything that was being done, and at the exact time. Another Empire in the 6th century was the Achaemenid Empire. This was also the First Empire of Persia or Iranian Empire. The pinnacle of the Empire’s conquest was symbolised by the vast land they had conquered, which extended from Europe down to Africa, and Asia. The large army and civil services ensured the emancipation of the many held captive, for example, the Jews from Babylonian captivity. It is this empire that insisted on the growth and industrialisation of societies in the regions they set up shop. During the reign of the Achaemenid Empire, the administrative roles were similar to any other empire that proclaimed war on any region. It is through documentation from the royal scribes in the empire that the information on what was happening tha t modern day societies know of their true origins. Scribes in the empire were given the task of writing down whatever was being said. This is because there was to be proof of what was to be done among all the servants in the Emperor’s service. There was the delegation of power among the empire might have been its undoing through the cultural diversity present in the lands they conquered. The king’s authority was weakened and the documentation in the local governments proves the empire’

Comparative Study Of Politeness Strategies English Language Essay

Comparative Study Of Politeness Strategies English Language Essay Introduction Over the last three decades, politeness strategies have become one of the most active area of research in spoken and written discourse. This phenomenon began when Goffman published On face work in 1955 and other classical studies such as Lakoff (1973, 1977), Leech (1983) and Brown Levinsons (1987), who conducted extensive studies on politeness. These studies indicate that linguistic politeness is generally associated with social behaviour to avoid conflicts. The past few years the application of politeness studies has been extended beyond the verbal communication to include written material to engage conflict-free communication between writers-audience, started in 1989 when Myers published his article the pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles since then many scholars extended the concept of politeness strategies onto written context such as; current research issues (Kasper: 1990) business letter (Maier: 1992), written business discourse (Pilegaard: 1997), scientific text (Kwok: 1997), written persuasion (Cherry: 1988), thesis writing (Faridah Noor: 2000), and research article (Dahl :2009). Myers (1989) in his study found that the model proposed by Brown Levinson (1987) was applicable in how to interpret scientific culture found in scientific writing. Brown and Levinson (1987) found in their study four (4) categories of politeness strategies. These are proposed as universal as the striking parallels in politeness devices between three unrelated languages (Tzeltal, Tamil and English) were found. While politeness may be expressed differently in one culture to another, the basic hierarchy of politeness strategies is not a culture specific. (Brown Levinsons : 1987) Even though the majority study of the past studies in politeness strategies are closely related with verbal communication context. Many studies recently showed that it could also be extended onto written context, and somehow the politeness strategies in written discourse in line with the demands of the academic community that expects scientific language to be objective and formal. This present study is interested to study the kinds of politeness strategies find in economic journal writing as another field in written discourse. What makes economics special is that economics is consisted of the combination of soft science research issues related to human behaviour and the hard science mathematics economic models. The model represents the interaction between human being and market under specific conditions. Dahl (2009: 2). The other reason is how economist presents their thought in the research paper they write. Moreover, by using Myerss (1989) study that in line to what Brown and Levinson had proposed in their study. This present study tries to focus on the politeness strategies employed in economic journal articles. Concerning none of the past studies deeply focused to study the academic journals especially in economic field and comparing between local and international economic journals. By viewing that chances the researcher hopes that this present study able to contribute to the existing pool of knowledge on politeness strategies used in academic writing, particularly which in the writing of economic journal articles of two identified economic journals. Statement of the Problem Brown and Levinson (1987) construct a system to explain the nature of politeness phenomena in language. The major concept of politeness theory is an arrangement of politeness strategies along a continuum from least polite to most polite. Previous studies had shown that politeness strategies not only applied by many people via verbal communication but also through the medium of written material. Although, Politeness in both social and linguistic studies has shown a phenomenon of interest in the past decades, many past studies choose to draw on conversational data. Many scholars do not realize that politeness model can be extended beyond the verbal communication to include written materials. The extension of politeness models to some genres of scientific written texts such as economic journal could contribute to explain the application of politeness strategies. To identify sort of politeness strategies employed in economic journal somehow could be an interesting also a complex field to study as Holmes (2001) says that Economic field is a prototypical of the social sciences. To engage in this discourse in a meaningful and effective manner requires skilful handling of textual strategies. Moreover, the use of politeness strategies in economic journals by particular people from different culture background, age and economic expertise when making a claim, maintain face or employed other kinds of politeness strategies in their paper is an interesting matter to study. Based on that statement above the main purposes of this study beyond the limits of this paper, to give an exhaustive overview of politeness-related research are to identify sort of politeness strategies that employed and analyze the politeness strategies in economic journal articles of one local and one international economic journals selected for this study. Objectives of the Study In recent years there has been a steady increase in interest and research into economics discourse by both economists and linguists which has spawned an expanding body of work. the present study undertakes the task of looking at the use of the politeness strategies employed in economic journal and compare between one local and one international economic journals by proposing the objectives below; To investigate the use of politeness strategies in economics text To compare the use of politeness strategies in a local and international economic journals Research Questions The present study aims to answer the following questions: What kinds of politeness strategies are employed in economic text? In what ways are the politeness strategies found to be similar or different in local or international economic journals? The present study also proposes that it would be beneficial for the journal writers to know where they stand in the academic discourse community as this awareness can assists them in planning the strategies used to present their findings as new knowledge claims. Significance of the study Since the early 1980s, the discussion of various controversial issues in the economics discourse community has led to increasing debate among concerned economists about the ways that they communicate with each other, as well as with non-economists. In this exploratory study, the researcher chooses to focus on the existence of politeness strategies in economic journals. Hopefully this present study would contribute towards obtaining a set of politeness strategies in economic journals. The collection of strategies would encompass a sampling of strategies used by journal writer(s) within a span of six (6) years latest from the field of economy. Moreover this present study hopes to enhance the understanding of academic researchers, who are interested in the area of politeness strategies, especially in the use of politeness strategies in economic journals and to show the kinds of politeness strategies employed in both local and international economic journals. Furthermore, understanding the kinds of politeness strategies in written texts, especially in economic journals, could be useful when politeness strategies are employed in other genres in order to fit with the demanding of formality and objectivity of the academic writing. This study also hopes to clarify many ways that the economists use language to express themselves in a polite manner and to help the public to understand the politeness style of writing by the economist in written texts. In addition, the specific aim of this present study is also to show that there is an increasing awareness of the nature of economics discourse by both applied linguists and economists. To achieve the purposes above, this research studies two economic journals, one local and one international, published by Malaysian and American economic associations. Scope and Limitation of The Study This present study will limit its data from selected journals released by local and international economic associations to find out politeness strategies employed by the economists in two identified economic journals, namely Malaysia Journal of Economic Studies and Journal of Economic Growth, released by the Malaysian Economic Association and the American Economic Association respectively. The articles from these journals were chosen from the six years latest issues, starting from 2004 to 2009. This study limits its scope only on the contents of the articles. The areas of mathematical languages, formula, as well as footnotes in the articles will be not included as parts of the analysis. This study also does not attempt to look at the differences in the style of writing choice of politeness strategies based on gender, age or ethnic background, and strategies used by journal writers over a period of time. This research also tries not to focus on particular specific areas where some economists and linguists often argue about, but more on general issues of economic content in these journals, that the researcher feels provide examples of the existence of politeness strategies 1.5 Summary The focus of the present study is to investigate the use of politeness strategies in economic journals. It undertakes the task to identify and analyze politeness strategies employed in the articles and compares two economic journals local and international publication namely Malaysia Journal of Economic Studies and Journal of Economic Growth by using the theory of politeness from Brown Levinson (1978) and Myers (1989).

The New York Crystal Palace :: Architecture History

An Ode for the Inauguration of the American Crystal Palace: The nations meet, not in war, but in peace, beneath this dome. They meet to bring glory to God on high and goodwill to men. The Crystal Palace is a symbol of the might of Man. Look on, ye Nations, and vow eternal peace and justice. -William R. Wallace (New York Times, July 14, 1853) When the first major international exhibition of arts and industries was held in London in 1851, the London Crystal Palace epitomized the achievements of the entire world at a time when progress was racing forward at a speed never before known to mankind. The Great Exhibition marked the beginning of a tradition of world's fairs, which would be held in major cities all across the globe. Following the success of the London fair, it was inevitable that other nations would soon try their hand at organizing their own exhibitions. In fact, the next international fair was held only two years later, in 1853, in New York City. This fair would have its own Crystal Palace to symbolize not only the achievements of the world, but also the nationalistic pride of a relatively young nation and all that she stood for. Walt Whitman, the great American poet, wrote in "The Song of the Exposition": ... a Palace, Lofter, fairer, ampler than any yet, Earth's modern wonder, History's Seven out stripping, High rising tier on tier, with glass and iron facades, Gladdening the sun and sky - enhued in the cheerfulest hues, Bronze, lilac, robin's-egg, marine and crimson Over whose golden roof shall flaunt, beneath thy banner, Freedom. The plan for an American Crystal Palace originated with Edward Riddle, a Boston auctioneer and carriage-maker. He assembled a group of New York bankers who had either visited or heard marvelous stories about the London exhibition and were more than willing to invest in a similar project in the United States. Riddle tried but failed to interest the famed entrepreneur, P.T. Barnum, in the project. The group of investors soon petitioned the Board of Aldermen in New York City for use of Madison Square, located in lower Manhattan where Broadway and Fifth Avenue meet at 23rd Street, to build a "house of iron and steel for an Industrial Exhibition.

Review of Human Nature in Voltaire and Swift Essay

Satire is defined as individual follies and vices found in human being through ridicule and irony. The purpose of satire is not to humour but to bring improvement through verbal attack by using wit. One of the common features of satire is irony and sarcasm which has been used by authors for centuries including Swift and Voltaire to show the shortcoming of human nature. Swift was born and educated in Ireland and spent his early life in England. His career started with the â€Å"A Tale of Tub† and â€Å"The Battle of Books†; where he satirized the human weakness in various ways. In â€Å"A Tale of Tub†, he mocks his countrymen revealing the shallowness of philosophers and writers of his time. He also shows how the philosophers and writers are used by ruling elite to achieve their agenda which was betrayal from truth and honour. However it was â€Å"Gulliver Travel†, where Swift has openly mocked the human nature. He particularly observes human nature in a very disturbing way for which many critics called him misanthrope. The book portrays Lilliput (Britain) lacking in democracy; where highest position is given to the one who can jump high (instead of merit and honesty). He also shows, how court positions were filled by personal favour rather than offering to the most worthy candidate. He reveals the social pretension and weakness of human institution in his times. For example he talks about the fall of minister in Lilliput because he could not please the King; is actually replication of his life. He also fell out of favour because he could also not please the King. In the Gulliver’s Travel, he also criticizes the Laputa intellectuals, which is indirect criticism of Royal Society of England that Swift considered nothing more than a club for abstract ideas. Swift considers such kind of writers and scholars as parasite on society who waste time and money of the society without providing any added benefit. Swift divided human nature into two parts; the reason and benevolence and the selfish appetite which he has left for yahoo. He analysed the human nature and shows that its human vanity that prevents him to detect flaw and improvement. Swift wants its audience to be shocked by his revelation of human nature, but the purpose is improvement by exposing follies. Voltaire on the other hand was extreme in his views about human nature; as his world view was more skeptical. Being an atheist to the core, he was against the religious fundamentalism; however he advocated the social and religious tolerance. His true portrayal of human nature is depicted in Candide that details various characters including liars, traitors, killers, and hypocrites. However his view is not an outrage like Swift, but crude truth told with manners. He explains that the human societies are comprised of puppet like characters that are incredible and improbable committing follies. Voltaire captures this selfishness in human nature through parody showing human being imperfection. His views are similar to Swift; however his manner is not as crud as Swift. Thus we can conclude that aim of both Swift and Voltaire was to look at man as an imperfect being; which commits follies ; however these follies can be improved, if man is willing to look beyond his vanity. Reference †¢ Morris Weitz, Philosophy in Literature: Shakespeare, Voltaire, Tolstoy & Proust. ayne State University Press, 1963. †¢ Kathleen Williams, Jonathan Swift and the Age of Compromise. University Press of Kansas, 1968.

Life of early man Essay

But these changes in early human’s life had taken a very long time. Through ‘Early Human’s Life’ educational series, we are trying to take some snapshots f efforts made by early humans to become civilized. Today, we live a better life in concrete fiats and facilitated with TV, Video, schools and colleges; have variety of nutritional foods, and better means of communication and transportation. But can you imagine a life without such facilities for us? A life where there is no big society, no house to live, no good food, no clothes to wear etc. How does It feel to listen? Yes, you are right. we are talking about the wild life. And this was the life of none other than our ancestors (Early man) who used to live in Jungle nd lived a very hard life. Life style and food of early humans: Early humans lived in Jungle and were afraid of bigger and stronger wild animals. t Of2 themselves behind the bushes. But it could provide them security from wild animals, rain, winter and sun heat. So, they started living in caves. As food and clothes is the basic necessity of humans, they started wrapping tree leaves and animal skin over their body to protect themselves from cold and heat. But they needed food also to live. They do not know how to grow crops in fields and finding food was not easy. In search of food, they had to go from one place to another. Earlier, they used to eat fruits from tree or roots of plants. Then they started hunting animals for food. Discovery of tools: In start, early man started killing small animals for food. But they could not kill large animals with their bare hands. So, they used sharp edged stones to kill animals. Probably, this was the first tool he had started using for his need. They kept on improving their tools with time and requirements. They found that if they tied a sharp stone to a long piece of wood, they could throw it to a wild animal at a longer istance and they did not require go near to kill it. This was the invention of a spear. Later, on they improved it by making with bones and started using tools not only for hunting but also for cutting, digging and sewing. Discovery of Fire: Early humans ate raw flesh as they did not know how to cook their food. They had seen broken out fire in Jungle severally, but did not know how to make it and how they could use it. Rather, they were afraid of it like animals. With time, they felt that they could use it for keeping themselves warm in winter. But making fire was really a big problem. So, they decided to keep Jungle fire burning and started to adding dry grass or leaves to it. But it was not a permanent solution. One day, they saw sparks coming out from rubbing stones who were rolling down from the hills or some other way and got idea to make fire by rubbing two stones. This was really a great discovery as now they were able to make fire whenever required. With time, they learnt other uses of fire too. They found that they can light up their caves and protect their family from cold and wild animals using fire. They also came to know that the roasted food is much softer than raw one and also tastier to eat and this was the beginning of cooked food. In this article, we discussed about hard life of early humans and their efforts to make it more comfortable. We explored the ways he invented tools, fire and searched better place to live in. In our next article, we shall discuss some more very interesting discoveries by early human and the expected ways he explored them. We shall also discuss his efforts to be more cultured and what make him social in behavior.

Rising Action in Literature Keeps Readers Engaged

Rising Action in Literature Keeps Readers Engaged Have you ever kept reading well into the night because you just couldnt put a book down? The rising action of a plot refers to the events that provoke conflict, build tension, and generate interest. It adds that edge-of-your-seat element that motivates you to keep reading until you reach the story climax. Rising Action in Action You can find rising action in many stories, from a complex novel to a simple childrens book. For example, the rising action in The Three Little Pigs takes place as the pigs set out and begin to make their own decisions. You can surmise that two of the pigs are asking for trouble when they choose flimsy materials to build their houses. Little suspicions such as these (along with the wolf lurking in the background)  build suspense: with each page, readers come to understand that these characters are headed for disaster. Things get more and more exciting and tense each time the wolf blows down a house. The action builds to the ultimate showdown between pig  and wolf. In literature, the rising action encompasses the decisions, background circumstances, and character flaws that lead a story from the opening exposition through the drama and run-up to the climax. The primary conflict  can be an external one, such as a clash between two men trying to exert their dominance at work, or it can be internal, as in the case of a college student who realizes she wants to leave school but cringes at the thought of telling her parents. Rising Action in Black and White As you read a novel, pay attention to clues that predict trouble down the road. It could be anything from  the appearance of  a character who  seems shady and untrustworthy, to the description of a clear morning marred by one dark cloud on the horizon.  You can practice identifying rising action by considering how the tension builds in the following tales: Little Red Riding HoodWhat is the first sign of trouble? Were you a bit unnerved when you learned that this innocent child would walk through the dangerous forest alone?Snow WhiteIn the original version, this story contains the ultimate evil character: the wicked stepmother. Her presence signals trouble to come. And that magic mirror adds another layer of intrigue to the story.CinderellaCinderella also  finds herself tormented by an evil stepmother. Her first meeting  with the prince foreshadows the complications to come, while the clock ticking closer to midnight on the night of the ball creates real tension.Hansel and GretelWhats with all the evil stepmothers? And who doesnt suspect that a confectionery cottage is too good to be true? It can be easy to see the suspense building in the short stories from childhood. But if you consider how subtle clues informed and cautioned you, you can find the same types of signs in more sophisticated books. Think about the suspenseful moments that build in each story to get a better sense of the development of rising action in the novels you read.

E-Marketing in Amazon Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Marketing in Amazon Company - Essay Example The company has always been a traditional e-commerce company that ships items around the globe. The sudden insurgency of moving towards e-marketing and making items available digitally as downloads for customers. Amazon wants to stick to the traditional method of marketing and selling but also enter e-marketing without having any adverse effects on the company taken along. They are still testing the new idea and taking it slow to avoid fatal problems in order to easily bounce back in case of any failures. This strategy of taking it slowly is a rational approach by Amazon because a hasty entry might have a negative effect on the company since its loyal customers might have rebelled. If they take it slowly then customers will be able to adopt it gradually and also that they have both the options available for their customers and they can make a choice. It is important for any company to stick to their original values and set standards but change is essential only when it is taken at a pace that is suitable for all stakeholders of a firm to accept and adapt to it. This is what makes an entry strategy successful since customers are essential and must be taken along to implement a change successfully. The partners and competitors of the company have great expectations out of Amazon since they believe that Amazon will soon come up with its own website offering music downloads for an amount of money and also that they will sell an e-book device under the Amazon brand by the name.... They are still developing as an e-marketing firm and moving steadily to their desired destination. Critical evaluation the market entry strategy Amazon entered the market with the acquisition of mobipockets.com which is based in Paris. Amazon adopted a hush hush attitude towards the acquisition of the company that is now its subsidiary that sells products digitally online. It provides books online as a download for some amount of money. But the amount of money is naturally lesser than the traditional way of selling goods over the internet. Amazon has also introduced its Unbox movie-download which was built in-house by the company in 2006. Amazon decided not to advertise this entry into e-marketing for certain reasons. The company has always been a traditional e-commerce company that ships items around the globe. The sudden insurgency of moving towards e-marketing and making items available digitally as downloads for customers. Amazon wants to stick to the traditional method of marketing and selling but also enter e-marketing without having any adverse effects on the company. They are still testing the new idea and taking it s low to avoid fatal problems in order to easily bounce back in case of any failures. This strategy of taking it slowly is a rational approach by Amazon because a hasty entry might have a negative effect on the company since its loyal customers might have rebelled. If they take it slowly then customers will be able to adopt it gradually and also that they have both the options available for their customers and they can make a choice. It is important for any company to stick to their original values and set standards but change is essential only when it is taken at a pace that is suitable for all stakeholders of a firm to accept and adapt to

Racine County, Wisconsin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racine County, Wisconsin - Research Paper Example Racism and discrimination are significant aspects of life of non-native Americans, and they have to deal with it in their daily lives. There is growing evidence that racism and discrimination are not only emotionally harmful, but are potentially damaging to non-native Americans. Increased research on this topic applying innovative approaches is beginning to reveal the negative impacts arising from racism and discrimination (Collins & Williams, 2001). Racism and discrimination have been associated with a number of health complications such as chronic respiratory, cardiovascular, and pain related health complications. Racism and discrimination affect a person’s health in a number of ways. Considering child development, impacts of negative environment that are linked with racism and segregation produce serious effects on the health and development of a child. Intergenerational and life-long impacts of racism and discrimination reveal that the health impacts of racism are carried forward within individuals and across generation (Anderson et al, 1997). Racine County, Wisconsin According, to the 2012 population estimates, the county of Racine was estimated to have 194, 797 people. Half of the population lives in the city of Racine and over 90% of the county’s population live in the eastern side of the county. The county has much of its population made of non-native Americans. ... Minorities in Racine are prone to health risks arising from racism and discrimination, which lead to stressors that are worsened by residential segregation. As a point of consideration, residential segregation impacts negatively on the health of minorities in a number of ways. Segregation puts minorities in regions that have limited human and financial resources. These areas are characterized by inadequate health care, inadequate healthy food, toxic living conditions, poor public education, poor housing conditions, increased disorder and crime as well as high rates of incarceration. The chance for the minorities to improve their health status is hindered by the fact they live in segregation. This comes with lack of access to jobs, lack of economic investment, poor schooling, and inadequate public services, which are all crucial in improving a person’s health (Baquet et al, 2005). Non-natives continue to face significant discrimination relative to the natives in both access to health care and the nature of care they receive from health facilities. Increasing evidence supports that non-natives residing in Racine receive low quality and intensity health care as opposed to their native counterparts (Williams, 2000). This is evident even in situations where the non-natives are insured just like the natives and have health issues similar to those of the natives. Factors that contribute to the disparity in access to health care between the natives and the non-natives include policies and practices within the health care system, the behavior of people working in the health sector, and the legal and regulatory framework under which the health sector operates. Other contributing factors include language barriers, lack of adequate insurance coverage, and